There are dozens of methods for growing mycelium. This is not unlike a tomato farmer having to grow quality tomato plants to get quality tomatoes. When you think about the life cycle of a fungus, it quickly becomes apparent that to grow quality mushrooms, you have to grow quality mycelium. Once mature, the mushrooms produce spores, releasing them to the environment and continuing the cycle of mushroom growth. The mushrooms will sometimes stay in the primordia stage until conditions are just right, but usually the primordiadevlop quickly into mushrooms. It is common to see primordia and they are often mistaken for fully developed mushrooms. Pinheads develop pretty quickly into primordia, which are the step between pinheads and the mushrooms we all know. The hyphal knots give rise to pinheads, which are the first signs of very small mushrooms. To prepare for mushroom formation, the mycelium clumps together into structures called hyphal knots. It is from this body that mushrooms form. The mycelium can be thought of as the “body” of the fungus. Together, the hyphae are called mycelium. The hyphae continue to expand into the substrate until they have taken over the substrate or they run out of nutrients. Hyphae are threadlike structures that grow into whatever substrate is preferred by that species. When they find favorable conditions, they germinate in the form of hyphae. Spores: A reproductive unit produced by fungi that typically contains half the genetic material of the parent organism. Each year, it gives rise to thousands of mushrooms. For example, a single fungus in Oregon was found to be spread over 10 square kilometers and thousands of years old. It is important for cultivation to realize the iconic mushroom shape is merely the fruiting body of a much larger organism. 
Polypores found on Otzi, the Ice Man: 3,300 B.C. Mushrooms have been used by humans for thousands of years for a variety of purposes: Ancient cave image: 5,000 B.C.
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